COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND DEFYING THE MYTHS TRADITIONAL SUCCESS

Throughout the majority of our academic careers we are conditioned to equate good grades with success.  “Johnny studied hard.  Johnny earned an ‘A;’ therefore, Johnny will be successful.”  In academic environments, where teaching is predicated on homogeneous learning styles, this concept of success is troublesome for individuals with learning disabilities.  Students with learning disabilities are especially limited when other forms of teaching fail to be implemented.  Fortunately, traditional instruction is not the only avenue for pursuing knowledge.

It is important to realize that we are all operating within a massive human network and mutual communication is the key to unlocking understanding.  For scientists, this communication manifests itself in the iterative process of peer reviewing a colleague’s work.  For us, however, collaborative learning offers the opportunity to capitalize on our strengths and learn from our weaknesses.  After Landmark you will meet countless individuals, from all walks of life, who boast a wide range of competencies.  These people help shape your future which makes it imperative that they be success-driven.

In just the past year, I have been honored to learn alongside a Boston Marathon participant, and a twenty-three year old who contributes to the world renowned, Nature magazine.  Please note, that none of these individuals are pursing success in the traditional sense that we were taught through schooling.  Instead, they are pushing their physical and mental limits in hopes of gaining a better understanding of who they are and how their personal triumphs can be applied in the world.  By working alongside these types of people, we learn to apply ourselves in ways that promote our strengths and in doing so we can build our own road to success.  Make it a personal goal to gain understanding from these encounters by employing voracious curiosity to genuinely “learn outside the lines.”

Submitted by Spencer Smitherman, Landmark School ’08

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DYSLEXIA AND PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS

How does dyslexia contribute to your professional success?

Three years ago I started contemplating this question after reading about a study finding that 35% of American entrepreneurs have dyslexia. The study suggested that some adults with dyslexia develop coping strategies that are useful in the business environment, such as the ability to delegate and build teams. We have all seen lists of famous dyslexics, usually presented as people who managed to beat the odds and overcome their condition. But I have come to believe that many of us thrive in our chosen fields because of our dyslexia, not in spite of it.

Since November 2009, a group of adults with dyslexia have met periodically to explore this idea, and to help each other achieve more professional success.  My experiences with the Professionals with Dyslexia group, as well as conversations with other adults with dyslexia and dyslexia researchers show me that we really do have some advantages in the working world.

First, our brains are wired differently. Neurologically, many of us have very strong visual spatial skills, allowing us to thrive as architects, artists, engineers, and graphic designers. We also reason and solve problems in ways that differ from our non-dyslexic colleagues. Thinking less dogmatically, we focus on tangible and realistic outcomes instead of the process of achieving them. There is a link between dyslexia and creativity. As Dr. Sally Shaywitz explains, we are “out-of-the box thinkers.”

Our, often painful, educational experiences as struggling readers have provided us with valuable tools. We come to understand the importance of hard work and learn resilience at a young age.  As suggested in the entrepreneurship study, because we often had to obtain help from others to get by in school, we tend to be good delegators and team builders. From enduring the subtle (or not so subtle) messages that we were less intelligent and less worthy than our classmates, as adults we tend to be more understanding and accepting of others – an important quality in an increasingly multicultural and global society.

To me, our greatest advantage is that adults with dyslexia are better at coping with failure. We have been trained in it since we began formal education. To be less risk adverse and more able to learn from failures provides a real advantage, not just for entrepreneurs, but in any chosen profession.

So ask yourself, how does your dyslexia contribute to your professional success?

Submitted by Kent Sinclair.  Kent is a Partner at the national law firm Seyfarth Shaw LLP.  He is also the Vice President of the Massachusetts Branch of the International Dyslexia Association (MABIDA) and founder of the Professionals with Dyslexia group.

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WHAT IF PEOPLE WITH DYSLEXIA INVENTED WRITING?

We are so accustomed to reading and writing that it’s hard to imagine that once no one was able to read. We may think of reading as being hardwired into our brains, but it’s not. Reading and writing is nothing more than an elaborate social convention used to transcribe speech, and this had to be invented. At one time in history the choice of notation was arbitrary, and the conventions evolved over time as people discovered ways of writing that were easier for scribes, and others that were more effective when read.

At first, the scholars, priests, and scribes who shaped the invention of writing were a relatively small and select group. Reading didn’t become common in Western cultures until the Industrial Revolution, when printed texts could be cheaply reproduced. Once reading material became commonly available, reading became useful enough to be widely taught. It was at this time that people noticed some individuals found it difficult to make use of the established conventions for reading. These people were described as handicapped, and thus, along with the printing press, a “disability” that didn’t exist earlier was invented, a disability we today call dyslexia.

We now know that people with dyslexia have neurological wiring that is different from typical readers. Dyslexia is estimated to occur in the general population at rates of at most 10% to 20%. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to assume that very few people with dyslexia were among the original scholars, priests, and scribes who first invented the conventions for writing. But, what if they were?

What if all of the people responsible for the creation of writing had dyslexia? What if writing evolved to match the capabilities of brains with dyslexia, instead of those who are typical readers? Would the system of speech notation these people would invent be completely different from the one we use today? What might writing invented by people with dyslexia look like?

Submitted by Matthew H. Schneps, Founding Director of the Laboratory for Visual Learning at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

About the Author
Schneps is a scientist with dyslexia, and the founding director of the Laboratory for Visual Learning at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, where he and his team conduct research on how dyslexia affects learning science.  (Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are the personal views

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THE DYSLEXIA PARADOX

To date, the earliest that a reading disability/dyslexia (RD) can be reliably diagnosed is in second grade and most exhibit enduring reading impairments throughout adolescence and into adulthood. However, research has shown that intervention is most effective in kindergarten and first grade and that intensive instruction for “at risk’ beginning readers” can help many of them to achieve average reading ability. A paradox.

So, why are we waiting three years to offer our children the help they need?

In these three years, children with RD are often perceived as being ‘lazy’ or as those who ‘do not try enough’. Teachers, parents, and peers may misinterpret the child’s struggle to learn as negative attitude or poor behavior and decreased self-esteem is often a result. These negative experiences leave children with RD vulnerable to feelings of shame failure, inadequacy, helplessness, depression, and loneliness.

After three years of these experiences, would you still be self-motivated to learn and stay curious about the social, emotional, and academic world surrounding you?

Early identification of children “at risk” in kindergarten or even before then offers a chance to reduce the clinical, psychological and social implications of RD. Identifying children ‘at risk’ in kindergarten or even earlier is also essential for the development, implementation, and evaluation of early remediation programs. Identifying early predictors of RD will also help educators, parents, and scientists to find ways to support the academic and cognitive development of children with RD and may also lead to strategies that will reduce the severity of RD.

A modified approach to the way we teach children how to read must involve the identification of children “at risk” and the development of early preventive strategies. The identification of a child with RD in mid-elementary school is too late. By this stage, the delayed development of reading has already affected vocabulary skills and reading motivation. Children who are weak readers at the end of first grade often remain poor readers by the end of elementary school. Improved early identification of children at-risk may further lead to changes in educational policies. The ability to assign independent educational plans for children prior to reading onset will be essential for designing and implementing customized curriculums for children “at-risk”. Most importantly, this may prevent the psychological and social impact of RD and maximize the intellectual, social and emotional potential in our children.

Submitted by Nadine Gaab, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Faculty Affiliate Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School; Member of the Faculty of Education, Harvard Graduate School of Education

http://www.childrenshospital.org/research/gaablab

www.babymri.org

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THE POWER OF ONLINE LEARNING

Last week, I delivered two workshops; same content, materials, and chance for questions and answers. First event: 15 people showed up. Second event: 150 people attended and many more will access via archive. What was different? I presented the second workshop from my office online via the Internet to people all over the US.

Distance learning is not new. In the 1700s, students in remote areas could learn via weekly lessons mailed to their home. As the postal service expanded, correspondence programs enabled students and teachers to regularly communicate with one another and sending materials back and forth.

Today, schools like Capella University and the University of Phoenix offer online degree programs. Even at traditional universities, online classes are a common component of most majors. Online classes are delivered via the Internet with minimal or no direct contact between the student and professors. Many include discussion forums and online team projects. Over 90% of US colleges and universities offer online coursework. Chances are, most students will take an online class in college.

Can students with learning disabilities succeed in online classes? Of course they can! To be successful, online students need to complete their assignments on time and regularly check in with their professor and fellow students via chats and group discussions. Sometimes, online classes provide a more positive learning experience than in-person learning. Online students are better able to focus on the content of the class, less likely to get lost during off-topic discussions and don’t have to worry about being distracted by
disruptive students.

To help your child get familiar with this technology before college, consider having them take an online class for a favorite subject over the summer. Check out an online high school or your local community college for course listings. Good luck!

Submitted by Janet Thibeau, Principal of Barlow Thibeau Associates: Coaching, Advocacy, and Meditation

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THE FORGE

I’m teaching Geometry. I have only 4 of 8 kids in class so we’re doing independent work on the concepts each individual struggles with the most … everyone is doing something different. As we move through various work, I’m metacognating about how much I push when a student is reluctant to engage with more depth or breadth … how I do it … how I can improve it.  I watch the focus of their eyes, other body language, listen to tone of voice, etc.

I muse…

I don’t often question the why of the strategy… I just know I get results by asking the student to write and rewrite, draw and redraw, figure and refigure, edit and reedit … endlessly … annoyingly – to the point of frustration.  I want them to develop a process but, more importantly, to recognize that process from start to finish – essentially – to discover how they learn. I COULD fill in some of the blanks in their process, but I hold back from cue or aid because I’m certain it is better for long term retention and higher order skill development not to do so. If they can connect the dots between this process and another from yesterday or last month (they always remember their breakthroughs) – then we have something important to discuss – their ability to analyze, make connections, and succeed on their own.

As I continue to work with the 4 kids… I push one student to engage, edit, clarify, rethink, reassess, start over, throw it away and try it differently… I push her to do all of those things in a 5 minute time-span – constantly harping on her… she is working but frustrated… perhaps angry… at herself?  at me?  at the situation? Suddenly she yells at me, “I hate you Mr. Chamberlain!” The other students freeze… I intentionally relax my expression. I smile gently… deliberately… and start to speak… but before I can say anything, another student says, with as much emotion as her friend, “No you don’t! You like it when he does this!” Now it’s my turn to freeze. I think, “What?!?!?” I think, “What is the depth and range of her understanding/emotion?”

More musing…

After thought and discussion, I know the student respected being challenged to that level of frustration. More importantly, most enjoy that sort of challenge – not everyone, but most.  As a teacher, differentiating between the two is exactly the sort of decision I must make from minute to minute.

That was an eye-opener. It didn’t change much in my method – but it opened all sorts of doors to ideas and lessons. I shouldn’t be surprised, but I’ll let it continue to be so anyway.  Isn’t it interesting that the lessons that serve me best are learned from my students? That is so obvious, but it is easy to forget when we have so much content that “needs” to be delivered. We tend to plan in a vacuum, then our ideas are tested in the forge. Square peg – round hole.

Submitted by Bill Chamberlain, Department Head, Technology, Landmark School

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IF YOU TEACH IT. . .

We have all heard the prediction, “If you build it, they will come,” well portrayed in the movie “Field of Dreams.”A wonderful little book titled, “Flight Plans,” by Mary Jo Koch, prescribes, “Follow your bliss, but make a flight plan.” Dreams and bliss are wonderful to entertain, yet for many are out of reach because they do not know HOW to build it or HOW to develop a flight plan. My mantra is, “If you teach it, they will learn!”

The “it” in my statement refers to SKILLS – language and learning skills. If we teach students of all ages HOW to learn, they WILL learn the content as an outcome and know strategies for continued success. Curiously, content continues to drive most educational programs to the detriment of millions of learners who CAN learn but lack the tools to do so. When taught WHO they are as learners, and WHAT skills they need in order to understand and integrate the content, these same frustrated learners BUILD confidence and MAKE a flight plan that allows them to soar.

I have been puzzled for years by the disconnect that exists when teachers present content curriculum materials to students without teaching them the skills they need to learn the content. Bright capable learners who can abstract, generalize, visualize and take in so much from their environments simply may not intrinsically have the skills to do what is asked of them in our classrooms. I propose that it is OUR responsibility as educators to assure that EVERY student is able to fulfill dreams and follow his/her bliss by teaching them HOW to do so…..to ignore this responsibility is to devalue tremendous human potential.

 Submitted by Bob Broudo, Headmaster of Landmark School

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